Conclusiones sobre la doctrina de la trinidad
Sin duda la idea la fórmula tríadica es una característica única. Sin embargo en el AT no se halla una descripción de que Dios es tres personas en uno, solo se define a Dios como uno:
Deuteronomio 6:4 Oye, Israel: YHVH nuestro Dios, YHVH, uno es. (BJ)
Aun que algunos alegan que recién en el NT se desarrolla la doctrina de la trinidad, notamos lo siguiente:
Marcos 12:29 Jesús respondió: El más importante es: Escucha, Israel, el Señor nuestro Dios es uno solo. (PER)
Gálatas 3:20 Ahora bien, no hace falta mediador si hay una sola parte, y sin embargo Dios es uno solo. (NVI)
Romanos 3:30 si en verdad Dios es uno solo, que declarará justos a los circuncisos como resultado de fe y justos a los incircuncisos por medio de su fe. (TNM)
En el NT no se lleva adelante ninguna explicación más profunda de una fórmula tríadica la cual da a entender que existen, los tres en uno, la fórmula de un único Dios sigue exactamente igual, sería perfectamente lógico que si Dios tuviese la intensión de que creamos que él es una trinidad enseñe en estos versículos que este es tres en uno; sin embargo no lo hace, por lo tanto no es necesario que vayamos mas allá de lo que está escrito. Jehová es un solo Dios, no tres en un solo Dios.
Las escrituras nos proporcionan una fiel y acertada guía en una gran diversidad de aspectos, por lo tanto sigamos el siguiente consejo:
1Timoteo 1:3 Cuando fui a Macedonia, te rogué que te quedaras en Éfeso para que mandaras a algunos que no enseñaran una doctrina diferente, 4 ni prestaran atención a fábulas y genealogías interminables, que acarrean disputas más que la edificación de Dios que es por la fe. Y ahora te encargo lo mismo. (RVC)
2Timoteo 4:4 Porque llegará el tiempo en que no van a tolerar la sana doctrina, sino que, llevados de sus propios deseos, se rodearán de maestros que les digan las novelerías que quieren oír.4 Dejarán de escuchar la verdad y se volverán a los mitos.
5 Tú, por el contrario, sé prudente en todas las circunstancias, soporta los sufrimientos, dedícate a la evangelización; cumple con los deberes de tu ministerio. (NVI)
Gálatas 1:8 Si alguien —ya sea nosotros o incluso un ángel del cielo— les predica otra Buena Noticia diferente de la que nosotros les hemos predicado, que le caiga la maldición de Dios.
9 Repito lo que ya hemos dicho: si alguien predica otra Buena Noticia distinta de la que ustedes han recibido, que esa persona sea maldita. (NTV)
Revelación 22:18 “Estoy dando testimonio a todo el que oye las palabras de la profecía de este rollo: Si alguien hace una añadidura a estas cosas, Dios le añadirá a él las plagas que están escritas en este rollo; 19 y si alguien quita algo de las palabras del rollo de esta profecía, Dios le quitará su porción de los árboles de la vida y de la santa ciudad, cosas de las cuales se ha escrito en este rollo. (TNM)
Claramente se nos advierte en la Biblia a no ir más allá de lo que está escrito, y sin duda la doctrina de la trinidad no tiene base Bíblica.
"the doctrine of the Trinity is not clearly stated in the New Testament." (Getting to Know the New Testament, Escrito por Stephen H. Travis, pg. 108, 2004)
"is quite difficult to build a complete doctrine of the Trinity... on the Old Testament" (Old Testament theology, Escrito por Paul R. House, pg. 547, 1998)
"The concept of Trinity, as most Biblical scholars consent, was not fully developed in the Old Testament; it emerged only in the early Christian church" (Principles of Christian Faith, pg. 140)
"If
the doctrine of the Trinity did not emerge until about the fourth century, in
what sense can it be said that there is a doctrine of the Trinity in the Old
and New Testaments? Theologians have come a long way from the old manuals of
theology that tried to ‘prove’ that there were clear references to the Trinity
in Scripture. Texts such as Gen. 1:26 (‘Let us make man in our image and
likeness’) and Isa. 6:3 (‘Holy, Holy, Holy, the Lord God of Hosts, all the
earth is full of his glory’) were presented as a clear allusion to the mystery
of the Trinity. This kind of biblical interpretation is now regarded as
fanciful and strained. Instead, Scripture scholars acknowledge that the Hebrew
Bible does not contain a doctrine of the Trinity as such. (An Introduction to
the Trinity, Declan Marmion, Milltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy, pg.
29, 2010)
“It
was never the intention of the original witnesses to Christ in the New
Testament to set before us an intellectual problem—that of the Three Divine
Persons—and then to tell us silently to worship this mystery of the
"Three-in-One". There is no trace of such an idea in the New
Testament. This "mysterium logicum", the fact that God is Three and
yet One, lies wholly outside the message of the Bible.” (Dogmatics I The
Christian doctrine of God, Brunner Emil, pg. 225,-226, 2002)
"The mystery of the Trinity is not revealed in the Old Testament" (B.B. Warfield, Biblical Scholar, pg. 13)
"tenemos que en la Sagrada Escritura no se encuentra una doctrina sobre la Trinidad, en el sentido de una especulación (reflexión racional) o de un dogmatismo (fórmulas fijas) sobre la misma. El dogma trinitario quedará formulado doctrinalmente en los concilios de Nicea (a 325) y Constantinopla (a. 380)” (Misterio trinitario: Dios desde el silencio y la cercanía, Escrito por Sebastián Fuster Perelló, pg. 112, 1997)
"The Bible does not teach the doctrine of the Trinity." (Christian doctrine, Escrito por Shirley C. Guthrie, Professor Emeritus at Columbia Theological Seminary, pg. 76, 1994)
"la doctrina de la Trinidad no se encuentra expresamente en ningún autor antiguo, excepto en este filósofo griego... Jesús, que no ha escrito nada, que vino al mundo mucho tiempo después de muerto Platón ... no puede ser fundador de una doctrina más antigua que él, y que seguramente ni siquiera conocía." (Dios y los hombres: teología, pero razonable, Escrito por Paul Henri Thiry Holbach (baron d'), pg. 170, 1836)
"Como la doctrina de la Trinidad no se encuentra explícitamente en el Nuevo Testamento" (Las religiones constituidas en Occidente y sus contracorrientes, Volumen 2, pg. 271, 1981)
"Sin embargo, ha de admitirse también que tal término no se encuentra en la Escritura y, toda vía más, que la doctrina relativa a ella no se enseña directamente en el texto sagrado." (El Espíritu santo, Escrito por Samuel Pérez Millos, pg. 16, 1998)
"the doctrine of the triune existence is not based upon direct biblical assertion, or any use of the word trinity, wich word is not found in the Sacred Text." (Systematic Theology, Escrito por Lewis Sperry Chafer, pg. 298, 1993)
"... then, we admit that the doctrine of the Trinity does not stand on exactly the same ground as the doctrines formally enunciated in Scripture" (System of biblical Theology, Dr. Lindsay Alexander, I, 94, 95, 2010)
"Como la palabra Trinidad no se halla en la Biblia, y es una voz humana inventada por la ciencia, hay una razón excelente para no servirse mas de ella, y sobre todo para evitarla en los sermones, en los libros populares, en la obras de instrucción moral y en la educación de la juventud. La idea pasará insensiblemente con la palabra." (L'Orthodoxie moderne, Athanase Coquerel, pg. 57, 1842)
"The doctrine so stated does not appear in Scripture, ... The orthodox doctrine of the Trinity was hammered out gradually over a period of three centuries or more" (Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature, David Lyle Jeffrey, pg. 785, 1992)
"Shocking perhaps to many Christians but true nonetheless is the fact that the doctrine of the Trinity is not strictly biblical" (Encountering God: Christian faith in turbulent times, Escrito por Andrew Purves, Charles Partee, pg. 53, 2000)
"The Bible does not explicitly teach the trinitarian view of God" (Introducing Christian Doctrine, Escrito por Millard J. Erickson, L. Arnold Hustad, pg. 106, 2001)
"the doctrine of the Trinity is no fully explained in the Bible" (House, Traits, pg. 12)
"the development of the doctrine of the Trinity is a wholly post-biblical development" (The Bible: the basics, Escrito por John Barton, pg. 88, 2010)
"in the Western church the doctrine was not complete until the fifth century" (A Commentary on the Holy Bible, pg cxiii)
"Judaism, Islam and Christianity claim to be monotheistic but the title of Christianity is disputed by the other two on the grounds that the doctrine of the trinity is tritheism" (Offenders for a Word, pg. 69, 1998)
"Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta que el término <<Trinidad>> se adopta en el siglo III y su formulación clásica en el siglo IV, es evidente que se trata de pura especulación helenística, ajena a la Biblia" (LA AFONIA DE EZEQUIEL, Escrito por Cástor Olcoz Iracheta, Doctor en Teología y licenciado en Derecho Canónico, Profesor de Teología en el Seminario de Pamplona pg. 42, 2009)
"The New Testament did not have a doctrine of the Trinity" (The Christian faith: an introduction to Christian doctrine, Escrito por Colin E. Gunton, Professor of Christian Doctrine at King's College, pg 183, 2002)
"The doctrine of the Trinity is not a biblical doctrine in the sense that it is directly taught in the New Testament" (Taking the Long View: Christian Theology in Historical Perspective, Escrito por David Curtis Steinmetz, pg. 29, 2011)
"It is certainly true that the earliest Christians were not trinitarians in the modern sense." (The only true God: early Christian monotheism in its Jewish context, Escrito por James Frank McGrath, pg. 100, 2009)
"the Bible was not trinitarian" (Christianity: The First Two Thousand Years, Escrito por Geoffrey Edwards,David L. Edwards, pg. 360, 2001)
"The doctrine of the Trinity as such is not found in the New Testament." (The faith of the Church: a Reformed perspective on its historical development, Escrito por Maurice Eugene Osterhaven Proffessor of Systematic Theology at Western Theological Seminary, pg. 37, 1982)
"many of the early Christians were not Trinitarians" (The Monthly repository of theology and general literature, Volumen 14, pg. 307)
"the early Christians would have insisted that Jesus is not "God" in the sense in wich the Father is God." (Reading the New Testament: an introduction Escrito por Pheme Perkins, proffesor of theology at Boston College pg. 109, 1988)
"The doctrine is not found explicitly in the Bible"(Oxford Readings in Philosophical Theology: Trinity, incarnation, and atonement, Escrito por Michael Cannon, pg. 2, 2009)
"The Gosplels give no hint of a Trinity" (Scholar Walter Hyde, pg. 111-112)
"If you read through the New Testament carefully, you will notice that Jesus is rarely spoken of as "God". (Reading the New Testament: an introduction, Escrito por Pheme Perkins, pg. 109, 1988)
"Jesus is not God, but a Son of God" (The Perfect Son of God, Escrito por Joseph Babinsky, pg. 58, 2007)
"In Jesus, we meet God fully but have not grasped the fullness of God, for Jesus is not God." (Christian faith: a brief introduction, Escrito por Peter Crafts Hodgson, Professor of Theology, Divinity School, Vanderbilt University, pg. 128, 2001)
"Therefore it would seem to me that for my analysis of the Bible, the concept of the trinity may not actually be biblical. Jesus never claimed to be God, but He is the Son of God and receives glory and honor... So, if the concept of the trinity is not Biblical, then why do Christians accept it?" (Jewish Answers to Jewish Questions Concerning the Messiahship of Jesus, Escrito por Joseph David Office, pg. 75, 2007)
"In the NT there is no explicit statement of the doctrine ... we have no dogmatic statement" (Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, Baker, pg. 1112)
"Because the Trinity is such an important part of later Christian doctrine... Likewise, the developed concept of three coequal partners in the Godgead found in later creedal formulas cannot be clearly detected within the confines of the canon" While the New Testament writers say a great deal about God, Jesus, and the Spirit of each, no NT writer expounds on the relationship among the three in the detail that later Christian writers do" (The Oxford Companion to the Bible, pg. 782, 1993)
"In the NT there is no explicit trinitarian statement" (Mercer dictionary of the Bible, Escrito por Watson E. Mills,Roger Aubrey Bullard, pg. 935, 1990)
"If Jesus could tell his followers to eat his flesh and drink his blood, he certainly could have said, 'I am one of three divine Persons in one Divine Being'. (Sunday School Sins, Escrito por Barry Ferst, Barry Ph D Ferst, pg. 21, 2010)
"The doctrine is not found in its fully developed form in the Scripture. Modern theology does not seek to find it in the OT. At the time of the Reformation the Protestant Church took over the doctrine of the Trinity without serious examination" (New International Encyclopedia, Vol. 223, pg 47, 477)
"The doctrine of the trinity did not form part of the Apostle's preaching, as this is reported in the NT" (Encyclopedia International, University of Glasgow, Vol. 18, pg. 226)
“The New Testament witness to the individual three persons is ambiguous, and the doctrine of each of the three existing equal to the one supreme being and the one supreme divine being existing equal to each of the three is not found in the New Testament al all."(Thinking about Christ with Schleiermacher, Escrito por Catherine L. Kelsey, pg. 98, 2003)
"Neighter the word nor the doctrine of trinity appears anywhere in the New Testament" (Cantelon pg. 75)
"There is no formal doctrine of the Trinity in the New Testament writers... The biblical witness to God, as we have seen did not contain any formal or formulated doctrine of the trinity" (Jesuit scholar, Edmund J. Fortman, as quoted in Robinson, S, pg. 74)
“The Bible does not explicitly teach the trinitarian view of God while we may never fully comprehend this difficult doctrine” (Introducing Christian Doctrine, Escrito por Millard J. Erickson,L. Arnold Hustad, pg. 106, 2001)
"What is important here is that later doctrines of an immanent trinity not be allowed to be read into New Testament teaching" (Identity and mystery in themes of Christian faith, Escrito por Garth Hallett, pg. 66, 2005)
"There is no explicit doctrine of the trinity in the NT" (Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible, pg. 1336, 2000)
“La doctrina de la Trinidad no ha sido rebelada... en el AT. En el AT no hay declaraciones especificas sobre la Trinidad (Abriendo la Biblia: Doctrinas Básicas Cristianas, Escrito por Samuel Soto, Sociedades Biblicas Unidas, cap. 9, 2010)
En la biblia no se encuentra una doctrina trinitaria (Misterio trinitario: Dios desde el silencio y la cercanía, Escrito por Sebastián Fuster Perelló, pg. 64, 1997)
“Scriptual authority for the development of trinitarian doctrine has become a much-debated Topic” (A new dictionary of Christian theology, Escrito por Alan Richardson, John Bowden, pg. 581, 1983)
“The bible itself does not have a complete doctrine of the Trinity” (Saint Mary's Press essential Bible dictionary, Sheila O'Connell-Roussell, Brian Singer-Towns, pg. 172, 2005)
"the OT does not contain suggestions or foreshadowing of the trinity of persons" (Dictionary of the Bible, J.L. McKenzie, pg. 900, 1981)
"The NT does not present a systematic presentation of the Trinity" (Hollman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, pg. 1626, 2003)
"Trinity does not appear in the Bible" (Marty, pg. 80)
"The old Testament does not plainly and directly teach the Trinity" (Knowing the doctrines of the Bible, Myer Pearlman, pg. 73, 1937)
"Not only does the word trinity never occur in any biblical text, but the thought behind it is not immediately evident even to many who are familiar with Scripture" (God, creation, and revelation: a neo-evangelical theology, Escrito por Paul King Jewett, Marguerite Shuster, pg. 268, 1991)
"The word Trinity is not found in the Bible and did not find a place formally in the theology of the church until the fourth century." (The Interpreter's One Volume Commentary on the Bible, Abingdon Press, pg. 1067, 1068)
"It is concession of candid Trinitarians that Tripersonality is not found expressly in the NT, but was developed afterwards by the Christian Church" (The new discussion of the Trinity, Escrito por Thomas Starr King,Orville Dewey, pg. 148, 1860)
"The fully developed Christian Doctrine that God is three persons in one Godgead is nowhere explicitly stated in the New Testament" (God in The New Testament, New Testament scholar A.W. Argyle, pg. 173, 1966)
"The doctrine of the Trinity is not a biblical doctrine in the sense of being specifically found in the New Testament writings. It is a creation of the fourth century church" (Richardson, pg. 100)
"Nowhere in the Bible do we find the doctrine of the Trinity clearly formulated... There is no formal statement of trinitarian doctrine in the Bible" (Keeley, pg. 164)
"The Trinity is not really a biblical doctrine" (Erickson pg. 97)
"The doctrine so stated does not appear in Scripture… doctrine of the Trinity was hammered out gradually over a period of three centuries or more" (A Dictionary of biblical tradition in English literature, Escrito por David L. Jeffrey, pg. 785, 786, 1992)
“The technical language of the DOCTRINE of the Trinity is not biblical… the question of how God can be both three and one was not for the NT authors a locus of overt theological struggle or extended reflection… it is not directly ‘in’ the NT” (The Cambridge Dictionary of Christian Theology, pg. 518, 2011)
"The way the churches now express this belief... are three 'persons' in one God, is not found in Scripture" (The trinity: rediscovering the central christian mystery, Escrito por John Farrelly, pg. 69, 2005)
"the doctrine of the Trinity, even through these are not found explicitly in the Bible" (The Oxford handbook of systematic theology, Escrito por John Bainbridge Webster, Kathryn Tanner, Iain Torrance, pg. 364, 2007)
"On other hand, we must honestly admit that the
doctrine of the Trinity did not form part of the early Christian-New
Testament-message, not has it ever been a central article of faith in the
religious life of the Christian Church as a whole, at any period in its
history"
(Dogmatics I: The Christian Doctrine of God, Emil
Brunner Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology at Zurich, pg. 205,
2002)
"Those who listened to Jesus during his life-time
did not come already endowed with faith in a Trinitarian Godhead, nor did those
who heard the preaching of the Apostles: it was not a matter of teaching people
who already believed in a Holy Trinity that one of those divine persons had
become a human being. Neither in Judaism nor elsewhere is there any trace of
such belief." (A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on John 1-4, John F
McHugh John McHugh was Dean of the Theology Faculty at the University of
Durham, UK from 1980-1982 and in 1984 was appointed to the Pontifical Biblical
Commission, pg. 51, 2009)
"The
problems are obvious with regard to the Hebrew Bible: In Israel's Scriptures
there is no Trinitarian concept of God." (The Holy Spirit, Inspiration,
and the Cultures of Antiquity: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Jörg Frey Dr.
Jörg Frey ist Professor für Neues Testament, John Levison Southern Methodist
University, pg. 343, 2014)
(St. Paul among the Philosophers, Ph.D.
Dale B. Martin is Woolsey Professor of Religious Studies at Yale University,
pg. 95, 2009)
(The
Bible, Theology, and Faith: A Study of Abraham and Jesus, R.W.L. Moberly M.A.
at Oxford and both an M.A., Ph.D. Cambridge, UK is an English theologian and
professor of theology and biblical interpretation at Durham University, pg.
197, 2000)
Teología del
pluralismo religioso: Curso sistemático de teología popular, José María Vigil,
fue profesor de teología en el Centro Regional de Estudios Teológicos de Aragón
(CRETA), de la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca y en la Universidad
Centroamericana de Managua (UCA). Desde 2006 coordina la Comisión Teológica
Latinoamericana (conocida en América
Latina como ASETT, Asociación Ecuménica de Teólogos del Tercer Mundo)
A través de todo lo analizado hasta el momento podemos concluir sin lugar a dudas que la doctrina de la trinidad no formaba parte de las enseñanzas de los Israelitas de tiempos bíblicos (los del AT), ni de las enseñanzas de Jesús y los apóstoles (en el NT) ni de los cristianos de primeros siglos. Por lo tanto no es necesaria ni tiene lugar en la adoración de quienes toman a la Biblia como la palabra de Dios.
